About France

 Official Name: French Republic (la Rrepublique fran ç aise, RF) country name in the name of the Frankish tribes evolved, meaning > Nationality: France who dominated, as well as Breton, Basque, Corsican, Flemish, Catalan and other ethnic minorities
Religion: Catholic
National Day: July 14th (1880 confirm the capture of the Legislative Council Bastille Day as the National Day to commemorate the French Revolution)
flag: the flag of France is the world's one of the most important national flag, national flags on the development of the World have a significant impact.
shape and pattern:
French flag is rectangular in shape, length and width ratio of 3:2. the flag consists of three equal vertical rectangle parallel and form, from left to right are blue, white, and red. earliest three-color flag of today different from the arrangement of colors, red on the left. Blue stands for (free) St. Martin's robe color. White represents the (equal) Memorial national hero Joan of Arc. red for (love) the flag of Saint-Denis color.
St. Martin Blue is the color of robes, a symbol of freedom. White Memorial national hero Joan of Arc, a symbol of equality. Red is the color of the flag of St Denis, a symbol of love.
origin and history: < br> French tricolor flag to known, first appeared in 1789 during the French bourgeois revolution (the French Revolution), the Paris National Guard to blue, white, and red flag for the pennant. white center, on behalf of King, a symbol of the sanctity of the king; red, blue and white points on both sides of the column, on behalf of the people of Paris; the same time the three-color and a symbol of Paris, the French royal family and the bourgeois alliance, the three-color flag was once a symbol of the French Revolution in February .1794 15, the flag was eventually identified as the flag of the French First Republic.
Bourbon restoration, the three-color flag used to be abolished, and with the royal flag iris (fleur-de-lis). However, in July 1830 After the revolution, once again became a French tricolor flag, and continues to this day.
address:
France, called by the French flag as:
le drapeau tricolore
le drapeau bleu-blanc-rouge
le drapeau de la France
sometimes called le tricolore, orally called les couleurs.
French flag in English who is also called the French tricolor (American English) or French tricolour (British English).
Emblem: there is no formal national emblem of France, but the traditional use of arms during the Revolution as a national symbol. heraldry elliptical in shape, painted on one of the symbols popular during the Great Revolution mm beam rods, which is Roman senior law enforcement official use of tokens, is a symbol of authority. beam rods on both sides decorated with olive branches and oak leaves, during winding of the ribbons on the French words Medal ribbon ornamental rings.
National Anthem: (Nicola.Sarkozy), 2007 �� 5 �� 16 was elected the new president.
physical geography: an area of 551,600 square km (including Corsica). is the largest country in western Europe. in western Europe, with Belgium , Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Andorra, Monaco, bordering northwest across La Manche and the United Kingdom the sea, near the North Sea, English Channel, Atlantic and Mediterranean waters four, on the Mediterranean island of Corsica in France the largest islands. topography southeast to northwest, to the open Atlantic. east Alps and Jura mountains to; central and southern central highlands; southwest border with the Pyrenees; the central plateau and the Pyrenees mountain region between the southwest Aquitaine Basin; the northern Paris Basin; northwest Emolikan hills. plain two-thirds of the total area. the main mountain ranges are the Alps, Pyrenees, Jura mountains and so on. France and Italy border Mont Blanc 4810 meters above sea level, the highest peak in Europe. rivers are the Loire (1010 km), the Rhone River (812 km), the Seine (776 km). on the Mediterranean island of Corsica is France's largest island. border The total length of 5695 km, of which 2,700 km coastline, the land line is 2800 km, 195 km inland line. west of the marine climate of temperate broadleaf forest, subtropical Mediterranean climate in southern, central and eastern continental climate. Average precipitation from northwest to southeast from 600 mm to 1000 mm increments, up to 1,500 mm in mountainous areas above. Monthly average temperature: January, western and southern parts 4-7 ��, eastern and northern 1-3 ��; north and west, July 16 - 18 ��, 21-24 �� in southern and eastern parts of the main rivers are the Seine, Loire, Garonne and the Rhone River. iron, coal, bauxite reserves are abundant, as well as lead, zinc, uranium, potassium and so on. woodlands coverage of 26.4%.
Population: 60,628,000 (2000), including 3.5 million foreign nationals, of which 140 million came from EU countries, the border with Alsace, Walter Buller, Corsican, Pakistan Intrinsic people, Flemish and so on. General French. residents who were Catholic 81.4%, 6.89% of the population believing Muslim, others Protestant, Judaism, Buddhism and other religions.
Capital: Paris (Paris ), population 10,600,000 (1999).
administrative division: divided into regions, provinces and municipalities. provinces under the area and the county, but not administrative areas. county judicial and electoral units. Act were classified as local 22 regions, 96 provinces and four overseas departments, four overseas territories, two districts with special status. country total of 36,565 towns, 3,500 of which have populations of less than 34,000 population of over 30,000 city of 231 people, the city population over 100,000 37 .22 major regions are: Alsace, Aquitaine, Orville Ernie, Boolean High Line, Brittany, the central region, Champagne - Ardenne , Corsica, Franche - Gongdai, Paris Region, Langkeduoke - Luxi Dion, like Slim, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, North Pas de Calais, Lower Normandy, Upper Normandy, Lu Var region, pickup Jordi, bois map - Charentes, Provence Provence - Alpes - Azur, Rhone - Alps .4 overseas province: Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana , .4 Reunion overseas territories are: French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, French Southern and Antarctic Lands .2 Districts are: Mayotte Saint Pierre and Miquelon islands.
History: BC Gaul in this settlement. 1st century BC, the Roman Governor of Gaul Caesar occupied the whole of Gaul, from 500 under Roman rule years. Frankish conquest of Gaul in the 5th century AD, the establishment of the Frankish kingdom .10 century, the feudal society of England in the rapid development of .1337 coveted the throne of France, the outbreak of , King captured after the war of aggression against the people of France, ending the Hundred Years War in 1453.
15 century to early 16th century .17 a centralized state by mid-century autocratic monarchy reached its peak. With the power of the bourgeoisie Development, July 14, 1789, Paris, people are now armed with weapons attacking the Bastille prison. detained in prison were only 7 people, but people who are fighting this day, at the expense of 98 people on August 26 .1789 the French Revolution's program, Republic of .1799 in a Nov. 9 (18 Brumaire), Napoleon. Bonaparte seized power in 1804 became the emperor, the establishment of the First Empire .1804 on December 2, Notre Dame held a grand the coronation, Napoleon. Bonaparte became emperor of the French First Empire .1871 on March 18, held in Paris, the people of the armed uprising, the establishment of the Paris Commune. In the same year by the end of May, the military brutally suppressed by the French in February .1848 the outbreak of the revolution, the establishment of the Second Republic .1851 Louis. Bonaparte, President of the coup the following year in December to establish the Second Empire.
1870 defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, after the establishment in September 1871 until 1940 the Third Republic Tony in June when the government of France, Germany surrendered, bringing the downfall of the Third Republic. The first time was the German invasion of France during World War II .1944, the symbol of the victory of the French Arc de Triomphe, and finally gained a real triumph.
Under the leadership of Charles de Gaulle, fighting for freedom not only to defeat the French nation to make its due contribution to the fascist and post-war paved the way for the revival of France.
1944 �� 6 announced the establishment of interim government Charles de Gaulle as head of the Constitution adopted in 1946, established the Fourth Republic .1958 new constitution was adopted in September, the establishment of the Fifth Republic, de Gaulle was elected president in December the same year, .1959, the French colony of Algeria declared its acceptance of national self-determination, which began to bid farewell colonialism;
1963, the French and the Federal Republic of Germany signed a br> 1966, France withdrew from NATO, and ordering the U.S. withdrawal within a year the French troops and bases on the territory.
adhere to independent foreign policy of France as the world's pattern of checks and balances. It is in this search ideal process, the French temperament for its prowess own way out.
1964 �� 1 27, diplomatic relations with China.
Politics: President is head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces of a term of 5 years (2000 to 5 years in June, is scheduled to hold a referendum on September 24), directly elected by the voters. the president the right to appoint or remove the Prime Minister nominated by the Prime Minister and Minister for approval; cabinet meeting, the highest defense and defense committee meeting; the right dissolution of Parliament; may be some important bills by the Parliament directly to the citizens to vote; at a critical time, the President has act as the President. Parliament consists of the National Assembly and the Senate, with legislation, monitoring the government, through the budget, approved a declaration of war and other powers. There are 577 seats in the National Assembly, a term of 5 years, using two most direct voting system, directly elected by voters generated. A total of 321 Senate seats, senatorial term 9 years, re-election every 3 years, 1 / 3, the provincial unit of the National Assembly and local levels by the parliamentary electoral college composed of members elected indirectly, July 31 In 1995, France Parliament passed a constitutional amendment. The bill to make more use of the president the right to a referendum to resolve the economic and social problems. French President in the Government or the Senate, the National Assembly's proposal, could be all a matter of public power organizations French economic or social policy reform by referendum vote. presidential Elysee Palace, mm, mm Matignon Palace, the Prime Minister, National Assembly, Palais Bourbon mm.
economy: French economic development, the GDP ranking in the world, second only to the United States, the world's second largest agricultural exporter. major industrial sectors of mining, metallurgy, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, machinery manufacturing, textile, chemical, electrical, power, daily consumer goods, food processing and construction, etc. . nuclear, petrochemical, marine development, aviation and aerospace and other emerging industries developed rapidly in recent years, the share of industrial output continues to increase. capacity of nuclear power equipment, oil and oil processing technology in the world second only to United States; aviation and aerospace industry after the United States and the Commonwealth of Independent States, ranking third in the world. iron and steel industry, textile industry accounts for sixth in the world. But the industry is still dominated by traditional industrial sectors, including steel, automobiles building for the three pillars. industry in the national economy are gradually decreasing. tertiary industry in France, the proportion of the economy increased year by year. including telecommunications, information, travel services and transportation sector business volume increased considerably, service practitioners of the total workforce by 70%. French business is more developed, the largest food sales revenue in a wide variety of shops, supermarkets and chain stores in the most dynamic, accounting for almost half of all commercial activities. French iron ore reserves of about 70 million tons, but the low grade, mining costs are high, most of the necessary dependence on imported iron ore. coal reserves of about 210 million tonnes (of which 100 million tons of lignite), a value of about 1.47 billion mining tons. bauxite reserves of about 9,000 tons. nonferrous metal reserves of rare, almost all rely on imports. only 3,000 million tons of oil reserves. natural gas reserves of 250 billion cubic meters, 99% oil needs, 75% dependent on imports of natural gas . hydropower resources of about 10 million kilowatts, nuclear, hydro and geothermal resources development and utilization of more fully. forest area of about 1,500 million hectares, accounting for the EU 25% of total forest area, per capita green area of 0.28 hectares, the forest coverage rate of 26.7% . Agriculture is well developed, combining agriculture and animal husbandry, integrated development. the main production of wheat, barley, maize, sugar beet, potato, tobacco, grapes, apples, vegetables and flowers. wine production ranks first in the world. there is milk, meat and eggs with animal husbandry industry. France is the EU's largest agricultural producer, is also the world's major agricultural exporter. With the French population, urbanization, declining rural population, French Total land area of 5,500 hectares, of which 61% of agricultural land, 27% for forestry land, 12% for non-agricultural land. 96% of agricultural land for all the family. agricultural structure of the traditional areas: north-central area of cereals, oilseeds, vegetables, sugar beet the main producing areas, western and mountain areas for the main fodder crops , the Mediterranean coast and the southwest region of perennial crops (grapes, fruit) the main producing areas. mechanized methods to increase agricultural productivity is the primary means of law has been basically agricultural mechanization. agro-food processing industry is the Law of the pillars of foreign trade surplus to obtain industries. European Top 100 agri-food industry group has 24 in France, the world's top 100 agriculture and food industry groups have seven in France, France leads the world agricultural exports, accounting for 11% of the world market. France is a world famous tourist country, the capital of Paris, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast and the Alps are the scenic tourist destination, in addition to some of the historic city, castle group of the Loire, Brittany and Normandy fishing villages, families Xijia Island. some of the famous museum in France with the precious world cultural heritage. France is also the world's largest trading nation, its foreign trade has two characteristics: First, imports more than exports, resulting in trade deficit, imports are mainly energy and industry raw materials, exports mainly machinery, automobiles, chemical products, steel, agricultural products, food, clothing, cosmetics and arms, etc.; the other non-technical product of faster export growth, exports in the purely technical position in the growing export trade prominent. France's main source of government revenue is taxes, taxes higher than the United States, Japan and other countries, mainly from the VAT, there are other income tax, corporation tax, social welfare taxes. European Economic Community member states. an important harbor Marseille, Le Havre, Dunkirk, Nantes, Saint-Nazaire, Rouen, etc..
culture: 17th century French classical literature celebrates its golden age, have appeared in Morris sorrow, Stendhal, Balzac, Dumas, Victor. Hugo, Flaubert, Dumas, Zola, ranking Iraqi. de. Maupassant, Romain. Roland and other literary giants. many of their works become the world's literary treasures. one of the world literature, widely circulated in the world. detective novels have Morris. LeBron's Grand Theft Auto Arsene level, and George. Simenon's Inspector Maigret. modern French art in the tradition rather on the basis of innovative, not only that there Rodin sculpture artist, there have been such as Monet and Matisse, Impressionism, Fauvism representatives. from the 17th century, France in the industrial design, art and design has long been a world leader in the field of for all to see. For practical art, architecture, fashion design, industrial design schools have long been recognized for its football, to bowling, sailing, swimming, skiing, and bicycle ring contest. more famous universities the University of Paris, Lyon University. Cannes International Film Festival is one of the world's top five film festivals every year in May in the coastal southeastern France town of Cannes, the world's oldest, one of the largest international film festival, about .1956 of a two-week maximum award for the br> Press and Publications: The main newspapers are: the largest circulation newspaper; . Agencies are: one of the world's top five news agency Agence France-Presse .1835 founded. the French National Broadcasting Company was founded in 1975, consists of six radio stations. In addition, NBC and local joint venture of 17 independent local stations. To enhance outreach, the national broadcasting company in France dedicated international platform independent, outside broadcasting .1982 almost all over the world the government passed a law to abolish the state monopoly of radio, allowing the establishment of private and community radio stations. At present, the private nearly 1,300 radio stations, mainly in Luxembourg station, Radio Monte Carlo, the European one and so on. existing national state television .20 4 more than the central or local cable TV station, while many received through satellite TV channels.
attractions: Arc de Triomphe (L'arc de Triomphe) is located in the heart of Paris Star Plaza (now known as General de Gaulle Square) in central France to commemorate Napoleon in February 1806 at the Ritz Austell Russia defeated the Battle of the Austrian coalition built, 12 Avenue to the Arc de Triomphe as the center of radiation to the surrounding, magnificent, the shape of stars radiance. engineering design by the architect Charles Grant, in August 1806 laid the foundation stone, which lasted 30 cold and heat, completed in July 1836. Arc de Triomphe high 49.54 meters, width 44.82 m, 22.21 m thick. It has four doors, the center arch width of 14.6 meters, with two high pier gatehouse as the pillar and the lift up and down the middle. In a round arch around the top three stories above the gallery, the highest level is the showroom, where the Arc de Triomphe exhibits on a variety of historical relics and a picture biography of Napoleon; second level collection of various French decorations, medals; the lowest layer of the is a guard at the Arc de Triomphe and the Accounting Office.
the south bank of the Seine in central Paris Eiffel Tower is a steel structure of the world's first tower is seen as a symbol of Paris. because of the famous French architect Gustave. Eiffel design and construction of the name. built in 1887m1889 years. 300 meters high tower, the tower weighs 9,000 tons, divided into three layers. The first floor platform 57 meters above the ground, set up shops and restaurants; the second level platform 115 meters high, located a coffee shop; the third layer up to 276 meters platform for visitors to overlook the bottom area of 10,000 square meters, in the third floor suddenly contracted at the building structure, pointing the sky. from the side looked like a down to write the letter ; Y columns, gilded capitals head placed Gustave Eiffel.
Louvre (Palais du Louvre) is one of France's largest royal palace buildings, the right bank of the Seine in central Paris, the Paris Opera House Square, south side. originally a medieval castle, 16th century, after numerous renovation and expansion, to the 18th century to the existing scale. covering about 45 hectares. Back in 1546, King Francois I decided on the basis of the original castle, built a new palace, after which After nine monarchs continued expansion, which lasted 300 years, was U-shaped formation of a grand palace .1793 brilliant on August 10, the anniversary of the overthrow of the monarchy, the French the old palace turned into the National Museum of Fine Arts; the same year on November 18, the Louvre museum opened to the public. The whole project was completed in 1857. In the main hall of the west side of the Louvre mouth shape, stretching out the two side rooms, and the space race Square Karoo formation. palace long list of the east portico, magnificent towering buildings. the gallery 900 feet long, a large quantity of the seventeenth century, and many European artists during the Renaissance. collections of 40 million pieces. Louvre Museum and Art Gallery is divided into six parts: the Greek and Roman Art; Oriental Art; the Egyptian Museum; the European Middle Ages, Renaissance and modern sculpture museum; history painting museum. Exhibition at different schools, school and age division. layer display sculpture. floor painting, three drawings and color is pastel. the early eighties, the French government to implement the expansion and restoration of the Louvre's Notre Dame (Notre-Dame de Paris) is the most famous of the medieval Gothic cathedral, with its size, age and in the archaeological, architectural value of the known. Paris, Maurice Bishop. De Xu Lee has envisaged two more early basilica-style (rectangular) Synthesis of a large church, the church, in 1163 by Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone, the high altar at the dedication ceremony was held in 1189, 1240 choir, completed west front and nave, porch, prayer room and other decoration in the following hundred years, coming on stream. within the plane 130t48 m, roof height of 35 meters, 68 meters high tower. steeple has not built the tower. damage to the church through the ages have rebuilt in the 19th century, only three great rose window retains the 13th century stained glass. after the Church of the flying buttresses and beautiful especially vigorous.
site of the Bastille (Place de la Bastille) is located in the eastern city of Paris, the right bank of the Seine, here was a AD 1369m1382 a military fortress, built in. 1380-1422 years, the castle was changed to the Royal prison. The whole castle area of 2670 square meters, built around a wall of tall and thick stone walls and eight towers 30 meters high, around 24 meters wide and dig deep there ditch, set out bridge. Early in the 16th century, where political prisoners began to prison, two French Enlightenment thinker Voltaire once held here. In the eyes of the people of France, the Bastille has become a symbol of the feudal autocratic rule in France .1789 on 3 July, the people of Paris uprising Fen Ran, 14, captured the Bastille, the French Revolution opened a prelude to .1791, the people of Paris destroyed the Bastille, built at its site on the Bastille Square, and the shop removed the stone bridge into the Seine in Concord, trample .1830 for passers-by, the French people and in the center of the square to build a monument commemorating the July Revolution of the martyrs. This 52 meters high monument of martyrs, the monument the body is cast in bronze cylinder, called site stands in front of a sign that read: (le Pantheon) left bank of the Seine in central Paris Latin Quarter, was built in 1791, a permanent memorial temple famous in French history. It was originally built in Saint Louis XV. hot Neiweiyewa Church, 1791 from the religious to be nationalized after the burial to million. Grote .1830 creation of the Victor. Victor. Hugo, Emile. Zola, Marcelin. Beituo Luo, make. Jaures, Berlioz, Malraux, and Dumas and so on. to November 2002, a total of 70 made extraordinary contributions to the French people to enjoy the honor.
George. Pompidou National Art and Culture Center (Centre National d'art et de Culture Georges Pompidou) is located in the north of the Latin Quarter of Paris, the Seine on the right bank of the Bo Fort Street, local people often also referred to as exterior of the building is very much like a factory, it has officially started in 1972, built in 1977, opened in February the same year. The whole building covers an area of 7,500 square meters, construction area of 10 square meters, 6 floors. The whole building is divided into industrial creation center, public knowledge of library , Museum of Modern Art and music audio harmonization with the four major research centers.
Paris Place de la Concorde (Place de la Concorde in Paris) is located in the heart of Paris, the Seine River North, is France's most famous square and the world's most beautiful square one. plaza was built in 1757, is based on the design of renowned architect Capri built El. Center for Place Louis XV had to ride like a plastic, has been named 1763 . the Great Revolution has been renamed the center stands a 23 meter high, with 3,400 years of Egyptian history, obelisk, which is Louis - Philippe Luxor in 1831 and moved from Egypt to the famous heritage monument of the ancient written record of the Pharaoh Ramses II deeds. stone on each side of a fountain. Xituo Fu pool is exquisite works of sculpture. plaza around the statue placed in 8, symbol of the eight were in France played an important role in the history of the city: Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Rouen, Brest, Lille and Strasbourg .1793 Revolution years, the people of Paris rose up and destroyed the statue of Louis XV and Louis XVI sent to the guillotine. < br> Champs Elysees Avenue (Ave des Champs-Elysees) west to east from the Place de la Concorde Square, the star, is about 1,800 meters, the street about 120 meters at its widest point, is running through Paris and most characteristic streets of the downtown one. in French, make it a special pleasure in the restricted area for the court and aristocracy. Later, the Thule in the westward extension of the park's east-west axis, where nearly 1 km into the street. and later extended .1709 plus years will be named Champs Elysees. Avenue to South Street to the Long million for the sector, divided into two different styles of things. quiet rural scenery of the eastern section shows, about 700 meters, rows of verdant Indus, caught in the middle of the street gardens million pair disappeared the wood. easternmost central square with towering majestic star, well known as the Arc de Triomphe. street near the Palais Bourbon, Magdalene Cathedral. There Thule in the parks, the Louvre, the city Government buildings and the Elysee Palace and other historical sites. the western part of more than 1100 meters long, the western end of the Place de la Concorde in Paris, another hub. some of the major festivals in France July 14 National Day parade, New Year Celebration in the streets of this famous held.
historical figures: French playwright Moliere: January 15, 1622 students. The named Jean - Baptiste. Poclain. Moliere after he participated in theater with the stage name. Moliere 10-year-old mother died, my grandfather often took him to see a farce, comedy and tragicomedy .50 years, started to play some of Moliere farce and comedy, available, such as creation peak stage, and plays a written more than 30 comedy. he molded into a farce of character appropriate factors, full use of everyday language and other aspects of comic art has made outstanding contributions to the development. Moliere died in 1673.
Voltaire (1694-- 1778): 18th century French Enlightenment thinkers, known as the Paris, a wealthy middle-class family, well educated young age. Voltaire experienced a Louis XIV, fifteen, sixteen three feudal dynasty ruled by the feudal autocracy witnessed the gloom and doom, a sense of personal safety to the decadent feudal despotism and reactionary rule. youth against the feudal aristocracy having published works, two are locked in the Bastille .1725 years after his release, has lived in Britain for three years. He advocates an , a constitutional monarchy. Voltaire created many works that he was against feudalism, against religious superstition, to promote the principles of freedom and equality, advocating that people are equal before the law. His major works include: customs and spirit,